Impact of Urbanization on Landuse/Landcover Change in Old Cuttack and Sikharpur Zone of Cuttack Municipal Corporation

Abstract

• Land use mapping is fundamental for assessment, managing and protection of natural resources of a region . • The information on the existing land use is one of the prime pre-requisites for suggesting better use of terrain. • Land use maps are valuable tools for agricultural and natural resources studies. , With the growth of population and socio-economic activities, natural land cover is being modified for various development purposes. • Land use mapping is an important tool for land management and monitoring. • The rapid expansion of urban areas due to rise in population and economic growth is increasing additional demand on natural resources thereby causing land-use changes especially in megacities. • Therefore, serious problems associated with rapid development such as additional infrastructure, informal settlements, environmental pollution, destruction of ecological structure and scarcity of natural resources has been studied carefully using remote sensing and GIS technologies for a rapidly grown city .

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

1. Urbanization is a serious issue in present scenario because of rapid urbanization we are facing haphazard and unplanned growth of the town.
2. The populations have limited facilities which results in collapsing the physical and social infrastructure of the city.
3. In this study we detect the impact of urbanization on land use and land cover change of old Cuttack and sikharpur zone of CMC for last four decades (1993 – 2023) have been observed using land sat data
4. Remote sensing is an effective and economic means to collect the data and to monitor the changes occurring in land use categories. LANDSAT imageries provide up to date land use land cover information at small scale at reasonably low cost and with better accuracy.
5. It shows the major potential areas for new development and growth pattern of cities. Activity mapping of area helps to know the types of activities such as commercial, residential and industrial activity of the zone.

The importance of land use analysis is numerous some of them are

a. For proper planning and developing the land Use.

b. For regular monitoring of the resources.

c. Interpret land use from remotely sensed imagery.

d. Establish hierarchical categories by grouping similar or related uses.

e. Use a uniform point sampling technique for tabulating for large areas

II. STUDY AREA

Cuttack is the focal point of all the major activities in Odisha. The study area is one of the potential zones in terms of commercial hub.

Moreover, rapid urbanization has created blight and serious congestion problems as increasing pressure due to migration of people to the city for employment. The old pattern is organic with narrow streets and lanes which are inadequate for the increasing vehicular traffic. The two zones have geographical area around 54.9 sq km ,

The zone are surrounded by kathajodi and Mahanadi River

1. STUDY AREA  is divided into 2 planning zones  i.e. old Cuttack and Sikharpur zone of CMC.
2. As per the 2011 census, the population of study area  is  4,17,650 , The decadal growth rate of the study area is @ 17.89%.
3. Both horizontal and vertical growth of the city is observed during the recent years, however, the horizontal growth is restricted by the rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi.
4. The study  area covers an area of  54.9 sq km. with a population above 4,17,650 . It includes road coverage of 383 km. with numerous drains of about  729 km.
5. The study  area  have Slums - 94 no.s
6. From Bhubaneswar it is 25 Kms through the N.H.5. Buses and trains connect many major and small town and other states.

A. List  Of  Planning  Zones   of  CDPA

1. Nirgundi (Zone No. 1)
2. Charbatia (Zone No. 2)
3. Chhatisa (Zone No. 3)
4. Choudwar (Zone No. 4)
5. Nimapur (Zone No. 5)
6. Bidanasi (Zone No. 6)
7. Old Cuttack (Zone No. 7)
8. Sikharpur (Zone No.8)
9. Mundali (Zone No.9)
10. Barang (Zone No. 10)
11. Gopalpur (Zone No. 11)

III. OBJECTIVE

1. To identify major land cover change in the study area , where the land changes from non built up area to built up area during  1993,  2003, 2013 and 2023.
2. To predict the LULC of the study area for next four decades .
3. To analysis the impact of urbanization on growth pattern and expansion of old Cuttack and Sikharpur zone of CMC.
4. To analysis the issue cause by population growth at core urban centre and suggest for local economical development.

IV. DATABASE

The data collection involved collection of demographic details, zone maps, toposheets and satellite data . The nature of these data and their sources are as follows:-

Table 1: Primary and Secondary Data details of the study area

V. METHODOLOGY

Application of geo spatial technology have been identified and used to monitor / detect land use/ land cover changes using ERDAS and Arc GIS Software.

A. Data Collection and Pre processing

Remote sensing data collected from USGS website, the remote sensed data are used to delineate the spatio temporal changes of land use and Land cover prepared in GIS. Pre processing has involved scanning, geo referencing and digitization of survey of India

B. Image Classification

The classification of land use and land cover was categorized unto six major classes such as agriculture land, vegetation, vacant land, built up area (Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public and Semi-public), water bodies, and open space.

Field work is also taken out to understand the existing land use/land cover change of study area using GPS survey and photographs.

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The study is focused land cover change of two planning zones of cmc i.e. old Cuttack and sikharpur .

The change in landcover is mainly due to mixed commercial and residential activities as a dominant feature in most parts of the planning region. The study shows huge reduction in agricultural land and decrease in water body. Except for the grid-road layout after the formation of the CDA and IDP 1964 there has been no guiding master plan ever during last few decades. Thus, the entire land use pattern of Cuttack Municipal Corporation presents an urban clutter. Commercial building  exist side by side with residence. The largest share of 15.68% of STUDY area is occupied by waste area. The residential area having majority of houses in substandard condition occupies only 8.99%. Dense development has taken place in the central area around the main bus terminal. The eastern part of the CMC, excepting some development on Paradeep Road and Industrial Estate Complex, is occupied by hamlets, villages and agricultural land. Some part of the wholesale trade, especially the Malgodown area could be shifted elsewhere to bring about planned market development. Cuttack is the district’s headquarter and all the district level offices are located here occupying 1.93% of total CMC area. Majority of the south-eastern part of CMC along the Kuakhai River is under agricultural land use occupying almost 5.80% of STUDY area.

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References

[1] UN-Habitat, (2003).The Challenge of Slums.Global Report on Human Settlements 2000. Earthscan, London. [2] Census of India, (2011), [3] Demographic Data of Cuttack municipal corporation [4] Long, H., Wu, X., Wang, W. and Dong, G. (2008) “Analysis of Urban-Rural Land-Use Change During 1995-2006 and Its Policy Dimensional Driving Forces in Chongqing, China”.Sensors, 8, 681-699. [5] Congalton, R.G., and Green, K., (1999), assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data, p 137. [6] Levien, L. M., Fischer, C. S., Roffers, P. D., and Maurizi, B. A., (1998), Statewide Change Detection Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing Data, Presented at the First International Conference on Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, 1-3 June 1998.

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Sushmita Biswal, Santosh Kumar, Rohan Dhal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.